J Korean Ophthalmol Soc > Volume 58(5); 2017 > Article
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2017;58(5):563-571.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2017.58.5.563    Published online May 15, 2017.
Long-term Changes in Refractive Error after Spectacle Use.
Myeong Yeon Yi, Song hee Park
Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. scheye@schmc.ac.kr
안경착용 후 굴절이상의 장기변화
이명연⋅박성희
순천향대학교 의과대학 서울병원 안과학교실
Correspondence:  Song-hee Park, MD, PhD
Email: scheye@schmc.ac.kr
Received: 26 January 2017   • Revised: 10 March 2017   • Accepted: 21 April 2017
Abstract
PURPOSE
To evaluate the long-term changes in spherical equivalent (SE) refractive error and astigmatism in patients after spectacle use. METHODS: A total of 103 patients with refractive error without strabismus and amblyopia who received at least 3 years of follow-up after using spectacles were included in this study. Patients were divided into groups according to the age at which spectacles were used (<4 years, ≥4 to <7 years, ≥7 years), the initial degree of SE refractive error (<−0.50 diopter [D], −0.50 to +0.75 D, >+0.75 D), and the initial degree of astigmatism (<1.00 D, 1.00 to 3.00 D, ≥ 3.00 D). Changes in the SE refractive error and astigmatism were compared between these groups using mixed linear models.. RESULTS: Patients were followed up for a mean of 9.1 ± 1.6 years. An overall negative shift in SE refractive error and an increasing tendency in astigmatism during follow-up were noted regardless of the age at which spectacles were used (p < 0.001). The myopic group showed the largest negative shift in SE and the largest increase in astigmatism (p < 0.001, p = 0.02 respectively). The low and moderate astigmatism groups were more likely to have significant increases in astigmatism (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with refractive error showed a negative shift in SE and an increasing tendency in astigmatism regardless of the age at which spectacles were used. Changes in SE and astigmatism may be influenced by the initial degree of SE, and the initial degree of astigmatism may influence changes in astigmatism.
Key Words: Astigmatism;Refractive error;Spectacle use;Spherical equivalent


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