1) Sullivan DA, Rocha EM, Aragona P, et al. TFOS DEWS II sex, gender, and hormones report. Ocul Surf 2017;15:284-333.
2) Shimazaki J. Definition and diagnostic criteria of dry eye disease: historical overview and future directions. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018;59:DES7-12.
3) The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Ocul Surf 2007;5:75-92.
4) Bron AJ, de Paiva CS, Chauhan SK, et al. TFOS DEWS II pathophysiology report. Ocul Surf 2017;15:438-510.
5) Shimazaki J, Goto E, Ono M, et al. Meibomian gland dysfunction in patients with Sjögren syndrome. Ophthalmology 1998;105:1485-8.
6) Kang YS, Lee HS, Li Y, et al. Manifestation of meibomian gland dysfunction in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome, non-Sjögren’s dry eye, and non-dry eye controls. Int Ophthalmol 2018;38:1161-7.
7) Epitropoulos AT, Goslin K, Bedi R, Blackie CA. Meibomian gland dysfunction patients with novel Sjögren’s syndrome biomarkers benefit significantly from a single vectored thermal pulsation procedure: a retrospective analysis. Clin Ophthalmol 2017;11:701-6.
8) Pflugfelder SC, Tseng SC, Sanabria O, et al. Evaluation of subjective assessments and objective diagnostic tests for diagnosing tear-film disorders known to cause ocular irritation. Cornea 1998;17:38-56.
9) Hikichi T, Yoshida A, Tsubota K. Lymphocytic infiltration of the conjunctiva and the salivary gland in Sjögren’s syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 1993;111:21-2.
10) Jester JV, Rife L, Nii D, et al. In vivo biomicroscopy and photography of meibomian glands in a rabbit model of meibomian gland dysfunction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1982;22:660-7.
11) Jester JV, Nicolaides N, Smith RE. Meibomian gland studies: histologic and ultrastructural investigations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1981;20:537-47.
12) Hwang JH, Lee JH, Chung SH. Comparison of meibomian gland imaging findings and lipid layer thickness between primary sjögren syndrome and non-sjögren syndrome dry eyes. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020;28:182-7.
13) Bloch KJ, Buchanan WW, Wohl MJ, Bunim JJ. Sjögren’s syndrome: a clinical, pathological, and serological study of sixty-two cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 1965;44:187-231.
14) Akpek EK, Lindsley KB, Adyanthaya RS, et al. Treatment of Sjögren’s syndrome-associated dry eye an evidence-based review. Ophthalmology 2011;118:1242-52.
15) Fox RI. Sjögren’s syndrome: current therapies remain inadequate for a common disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2000;9:2007-16.
16) Arita R, Fukuoka S, Morishige N. Therapeutic efficacy of intense pulsed light in patients with refractory meibomian gland dysfunction. Ocul Surf 2019;17:104-10.
17) Wladis EJ, Aakalu VK, Foster JA, et al. Intense pulsed light for meibomian gland disease: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology 2020;127:1227-33.
18) Thode AR, Latkany RA. Current and emerging therapeutic strategies for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Drugs 2015;75:1177-85.
19) Qiao J, Yan X. Emerging treatment options for meibomian gland dysfunction. Clin Ophthalmol 2013;7:1797-803.
21) Tashbayev B, Yazdani M, Arita R, et al. Intense pulsed light treatment in meibomian gland dysfunction: a concise review. Ocul Surf 2020;18:583-94.
22) Vigo L, Giannaccare G, Sebastiani S, et al. Intense pulsed light for the treatment of dry eye owing to meibomian gland dysfunction. J Vis Exp 2019 Apr 1 doi: 10.3791/57811.
23) Xue AL, Wang MTM, Ormonde SE, Craig JP. Randomised double-masked placebo-controlled trial of the cumulative treatment efficacy profile of intense pulsed light therapy for meibomian gland dysfunction. Ocul Surf 2020 18:286-97. [E-pub].
24) Tang Y, Liu R, Tu P, et al. A retrospective study of treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of intense pulsed light therapy combined with meibomian gland expression in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction. Eye Contact Lens 2021;47:38-44.
25) Mejía LF, Gil JC, Jaramillo M. Intense pulsed light therapy: a promising complementary treatment for dry eye disease. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2019;94:331-6.
26) Rong B, Tang Y, Tu P, et al. Intense pulsed light applied directly on eyelids combined with meibomian gland expression to treat meibomian gland dysfunction. Photomed Laser Surg 2018;36:326-32.
27) Liu R, Rong B, Tu P, et al. Analysis of cytokine levels in tears and clinical correlations after intense pulsed light treating meibomian gland dysfunction. Am J Ophthalmol 2017;183:81-90.
30) Fitzpatrick TB. The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI. Arch Dermatol 1988;124:869-71.
31) Asiedu K, Kyei S, Mensah SN, et al. Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) versus the standard patient evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED): a study of a nonclinical sample. Cornea 2016;35:175-80.
33) Craig JP, Muntz A, Wang MTM, et al. Developing evidence-based guidance for the treatment of dry eye disease with artificial tear supplements: a six-month multicentre, double-masked randomised controlled trial. Ocul Surf 2021;20:62-9.
34) Guillon JP. Use of the tearscope plus and attachments in the routine examination of the marginal dry eye contact lens patient. Adv Exp Med Biol 1998;438:859-67.
35) Craig JP, Wang MT, Kim D, Lee JM. Exploring the predisposition of the Asian eye to development of dry eye. Ocul Surf 2016;14:385-92.
36) Tsubota K, Yokoi N, Watanabe H, et al. A new perspective on dry eye classification: proposal by the Asia Dry Eye Society. Eye Contact Lens 2020;46 Suppl 1:S2-13.
37) Viso E, Gude F, Rodríguez-Ares MT. The association of meibomian gland dysfunction and other common ocular diseases with dry eye: a population-based study in Spain. Cornea 2011;30:1-6.
38) Korb DR, Blackie CA. Meibomian gland diagnostic expressibility: correlation with dry eye symptoms and gland location. Cornea 2008;27:1142-7.
39) Gupta PK, Vora GK, Matossian C, et al. Outcomes of intense pulsed light therapy for treatment of evaporative dry eye disease. Can J Ophthalmol 2016;51:249-53.
40) Seo MH, Shin JY, Lee DH, Kim JH. Objective parameters associated with subjective symptom severity in dry eye syndrome patients. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2017;58:259-67.
41) Zengin N, Tol H, Gündüz K, et al. Meibomian gland dysfunction and tear film abnormalities in rosacea. Cornea 1995;14:144-6.
42) Nichols JJ, Nichols KK, Puent B, et al. Evaluation of tear film interference patterns and measures of tear break-up time. Optom Vis Sci 2002;79:363-9.
43) Gil TY, Bae GH, Kwag JY, et al. Effect of intense regulated pulse light on thickness of tear film lipid layer and dry eye syndrome. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2018;59:1103-7.
44) Lane SS, DuBiner HB, Epstein RJ, et al. A new system, the LipiFlow, for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction. Cornea 2012;31:396-404.
45) Yin Y, Gong L. Reversibility of gland dropout and significance of eyelid hygiene treatment in meibomian gland dysfunction. Cornea 2017;36:332-7.
46) Yin Y, Liu N, Gong L, Song N. Changes in the meibomian gland after exposure to intense pulsed light in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) patients. Curr Eye Res 2018;43:308-13.
47) Whelan HT, Smits RL Jr, Buchman EV, et al. Effect of NASA light-emitting diode irradiation on wound healing. J Clin Laser Med Surg 2001;19:305-14.
48) Helbig D, Simon JC, Paasch U. Epidermal and dermal changes in response to various skin rejuvenation methods. Int J Cosmet Sci 2010;32:458-69.